Self-consistent analysis of hadron production in pppp and AAAA collisions at mid-rapidity

The self-consistent approach based on similarity of inclusive spectra of hadrons produced in $pp$ and $AA$ collisions is reviewed. This approach allows us to describe rather well the ratio of proton to anti-proton yields in $AA$ collisions as a function of the initial energy at a wide range from a few GeV to a few TeV. We suggest its modification due to the quark-gluon dynamics to describe the inclusive spectra of hadrons produced in $pp$ collision as a function of the transverse momentum $p_t$ at mid-rapidity. The extension of this approach to analyze the pion $p_t$-spectra produced in $AA$ collision at high and middle energies and mid-rapidity is given. The satisfactory description of experimental data on these spectra in $pp$ and $AA$ collisions within the offered approach is shown.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1504.0784

Mid-rapidity dependence of hadron production in p−pp-p and A−AA-A collisions

The calculation of inclusive spectra of pions produced in $pp$ and $AA$ collisions as a function of rapidity $y$ is presented within the self-similarity approach. It is shown that at not large rapidities $y$ one can obtain the analytical form of the self-similarity function $\Pi(y,p_t)$ dependent of $y$ and hadron transverse momentum $p_t$. A satisfactory description of data on the rapidity spectra at $|y|\leq$ 0.3 is illustrated within a good agreement. The universal energy dependence of these spectra is also shown.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Suppression of timing errors in short overdamped Josephson junctions

The influence of fluctuations and periodical driving on temporal characteristics of short overdamped Josephson junction is analyzed. We obtain the standard deviation of the switching time in the presence of a dichotomous driving force for arbitrary noise intensity and in the frequency range of practical interest. For sinusoidal driving the resonant activation effect has been observed. The mean switching time and its standard deviation have a minimum as a function of driving frequency. As a consequence the optimization of the system for fast operation will simultaneously lead to minimization of timing errors.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, in press in Physical Review Letter

Relativistička nuklearna fizika u laboratoriju za visoke energije združenog instituta za nuklearna istraživanja (Dubna)

An overview of experiments with nuclear beams at the Dubna Nuclotron is given. Present status of the nuclear beams accelerated at the Nuclotron is shortly described. Some selected results obtained in the experiments performed with internal and extracted nuclear Nuclotron\u27s beams at the Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energies of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research at Dubna during last years are presented. Future plans of the investigations are discussed.Daje se pregled eksperimenata s unutarnjim i vanjskim nuklearnim snopovima Nuclotrona u Dubni. Opisuju se nuklearni snopovi koji se postižu Nuclotronom. Predstavljaju se odabrani ishodi mjerenja suradnika Vekslerovog i Baldinovog Laboratorija za Visoke Energije Združenog Instituta za Nuklearna Istraživanja u Dubni tijekom posljednjih godina. Raspravljaju se planovi budućih istraživanja

Pairing symmetry of the one-band Hubbard model in the paramagnetic weak-coupling limit: a numerical RPA study

We study the spin-fluctuation-mediated superconducting pairing gap in a weak-coupling approach to the Hubbard model for a two dimensional square lattice in the paramagnetic state. Performing a comprehensive theoretical study of the phase diagram as a function of filling, we find that the superconducting gap exhibits transitions from p-wave at very low electron fillings to d_{x^2-y^2}-wave symmetry close to half filling in agreement with previous reports. At intermediate filling levels, different gap symmetries appear as a consequence of the changes in the Fermi surface topology and the associated structure of the spin susceptibility. In particular, the vicinity of a van Hove singularity in the electronic structure close to the Fermi level has important consequences for the gap structure in favoring the otherwise sub-dominant triplet solution over the singlet d-wave solution. By solving the full gap equation, we find that the energetically favorable triplet solutions are chiral and break time reversal symmetry. Finally, we also calculate the detailed angular gap structure of the quasi-particle spectrum, and show how spin-fluctuation-mediated pairing leads to significant deviations from the first harmonics both in the singlet d_{x^2-y^2} gap as well as the chiral triplet gap solution.Comment: 11 pages 11 figure

Variability of magnetic field spectra in the Earth's magnetotail

We investigate the variability of magnetic fluctuation spectra below 1 Hz in the Earth's plasma sheet using specially selected long observation intervals by Geotail spacecraft. The spectra can be generally described by a negative power law with two kinks. The range between kinks ~0.02–0.2 Hz has the most stable power law index ~2.4–2.6. Indices at the lower and the higher frequencies are more variable and generally increase with power of fluctuations. In the sub-second range fluctuations are strongly localized and indices are closer to 3. At the lower-frequency end indices are about 1.5. The lower kink is usually well defined on average spectra and its frequency tends to increase with activity. Combination of spectrum index α and fractal dimension δ is expected to follow the Berry relation α+2δ=5, but actually is ~5.5

Coherent and Non-Coherent Double Diffractive Production of QQˉ Q \bar {Q} - pairs in Collisions of Heavy Ions at High Energies

The double coherent and non-coherent diffractive production of heavy quark - antiquark pairs ($Q \bar{Q}$) in heavy ion scattering at high energies (LHC) is considered. The total and differential cross sections of these processes with the formation of $c \bar{c}$ and $b \bar{b}$ pairs in $pp$, $CaCa$ and $PbPb$ collisions are evaluated. The contribution of the considered mechanisms is a few per cent of the number of heavy quark - antiquark pairs obtained in the processes of hard (QCD) scattering, and it will be taken into account in the registration of $c$, $b$ quarks or, for instance, in the study of the heavy quarkonia suppression effects in Quark - Gluon Plasma, in the search for intermediate mass Higgs bosons and so on. It is shown that the cross section of the coherent scattering process is great enough. This makes it suitable for studying collective effects in nuclear interactions at high energies. An example of such effects is given: large values of the invariant mass of a $Q \bar{Q}$pair, M_{Q \bar{Q}} \gsim 100 GeV, in association with a large rapidity gap between diffractive jets $\Delta \eta > 5$.Comment: 22 pages, 5(.eps) figures, 3 tables, LaTe

Noise Induced Complexity: From Subthreshold Oscillations to Spiking in Coupled Excitable Systems

We study stochastic dynamics of an ensemble of N globally coupled excitable elements. Each element is modeled by a FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillator and is disturbed by independent Gaussian noise. In simulations of the Langevin dynamics we characterize the collective behavior of the ensemble in terms of its mean field and show that with the increase of noise the mean field displays a transition from a steady equilibrium to global oscillations and then, for sufficiently large noise, back to another equilibrium. Diverse regimes of collective dynamics ranging from periodic subthreshold oscillations to large-amplitude oscillations and chaos are observed in the course of this transition. In order to understand details and mechanisms of noise-induced dynamics we consider a thermodynamic limit $N\to\infty$ of the ensemble, and derive the cumulant expansion describing temporal evolution of the mean field fluctuations. In the Gaussian approximation this allows us to perform the bifurcation analysis; its results are in good agreement with dynamical scenarios observed in the stochastic simulations of large ensembles

Analysis of the confirmation time in proof-of-work blockchains

In blockchain networks driven by Proof of Work, clients spend a certain amount of cryptocurrency (called fees) to control the speed of confirmation of the transactions that they generate. In fact, transactions are confirmed according to a strong priority policy that favors those offering the highest fees. The problem of determining the optimal fee to offer to satisfy certain delay requirements is still widely open and, at the state of the art, mainly reactive methods based on historical data are available. In this work, we propose a queueing model based on the exact transient analysis of a M/MB/1 system to address this problem. The model takes into account (i) the state of the Mempool (the backlog of pending work) when the transaction is generated, (ii) the current transaction arrival intensity and (iii) the distribution of the fees offered by other transactions to the miners. We apply the model to study the performance of the Bitcoin blockchain. Its parameterization is based on an extensive statistical analysis of the transaction characteristics. To this aim, we collected data from over 1.5 million of pending transactions observed in the Mempool of our Bitcoin node. The outcome of our analysis allows us to provide an algorithm to quickly compute the expected transaction confirmation time given the blockchain state, and to highlight new insights on the relations between the transaction fees and confirmation time in BTC blockchain